Focuses on the methods used to study drug effects and mechanisms in biological systems. It provides essential knowledge for drug research and development.
A brief overview of each apparatus in their respective experiments with 3D Animation Simulations
The study of common laboratory animals, such as rats, mice, and rabbits, involves understanding their care, handling, and biological characteristics.
Maintaining laboratory animals involves ensuring their well-being through proper housing, nutrition, and care
Blood withdrawal is a common laboratory technique used to collect blood samples from animals for analysis.
The study of drug administration routes in mice and rats includes oral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous methods.
This experiment examines how different drugs affect the ciliary movement in the frog’s oesophagus.
To study the Miosis, Mydriasis and local Anesthetic effects of drugs on Rabbit’s Eye
The Elevated Plus Maze assesses anti-anxiety effects in mice by measuring their exploration of open versus enclosed arms.
Investigating morphine’s pain-relieving properties in mice involves using the acetic acid-induced writhing test to measure its analgesic effects.
Determination of acute eye irritation/corrosion of a test substance involves applying it to the eye and observing for signs of irritation or damage over a specified period.
The study examines how hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers affect phenobarbitone sleeping time in mice.
Evaluation of a test substance for acute skin irritation and corrosion potential.
Assessment of anti-inflammatory drug efficacy using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model.
Investigation of morphine’s analgesic effects in mice using the hot plate method
Evaluation of antianxiety and antidepressant drug effects on experimental animals using an actophotometer.
Investigation of drug effects on frog heart using the perfusion method
Examination of drug effects on an isolated frog heart
Assessment of pyrogenic substances using the rabbit method.
DEMO: How to make ringer solution?
The Rabbit Pyrogen Test is a method used to detect pyrogens in pharmaceutical products by injecting the test substance into rabbits and measuring their body temperature response
Mice are small, rats are larger; male rats are typically bulkier than females
Routes of drug administration in rats and mice include oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous methods.
Different ways to Hold a Rabbit
Different ways to Hold a Rat
Different ways to hold guinea pig
Equipment's used for isolated and perfusion heart experiment
How to make Ringer Solution
Ethical handling of lab animals involves humane treatment and minimizing suffering; unethical handling causes unnecessary pain or distress.
Studying the Types of Pre-Clinical Experiments involves evaluating various methods such as in vitro tests, in vivo animal studies, and ex vivo analyses to assess a drug's safety and efficacy before human trials.
Assessing Anti-Anxiety Effects through the Elevated Plus Maze in Mice
Investigate the analgesic properties of morphine in mice using the tail-flick method
Anticonvulsant effect of drugs by PTZ method in mice
Evaluation of Phenytoin’s Anticonvulsant Efficacy Against Maximal Electroshock-Induced Convulsions in Rats
Study of Diazepam’s muscle relaxant effects on mice using the Rota-Rod apparatus to measure muscle grip strength
good laboratory practices in a pharmacology lab
Laboratory animals require appropriate anesthesia and euthanasia methods to ensure ethical and humane handling during experiments.
Dose Response Curve (DRC) demonstrate graded response to drugs/ agonist where increase in response is recorded. Its curve is generally sigmoid or S-shaped. Its response is observed between Log-dose versus Response curve for Acetylcholine.
The PD2 value determination on frog rectus abdominis muscle, measures the potency of drug leading to 50% agonistic effect.
Physostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that increases acetylcholine (ACh) levels by preventing its breakdown.
Evaluation of effect of saline purgative by the use of hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions of saline, magnesium sulphate and Frog’s ringer.
Dose calculation is a fundamental aspect of pharmacology that ensures the safe and effective administration of medications.
The experiment aims to record the dose-response curve for histamine on an isolated guinea pig ileum to evaluate its pharmacological effects.
To determine the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of histamine for guinea pig ileum
The bioassay of histamine using the guinea pig ileum is a pharmacological method to evaluate histamine's biological activity.
To understand and evaluate the effects of common cardiovascular agents on Blood Pressure (BP) and Heart Rate (HR)
The four-point bioassay is a quantitative method used to determine the potency of a drug by comparing its response to that of a standard preparation.
Diuretics are pharmacological agents that promote the excretion of water and electrolytes from the body through increased urine output.
Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in uterine contractions during labour and milk ejection during lactation.
Biostatistical methods in experimental pharmacology involve the application of statistical tools to design experiments, analyse data, and draw valid conclusions about drug effects. These methods help ensure reliability, minimize bias, and determine significance in drug testing.
To determine the pA₂ value of prazosin on the rat anococcygeus muscle by assessing its competitive antagonism against adrenergic agonists. This study aims to evaluate the potency and receptor affinity of prazosin by constructing dose-response curves in the presence and absence of the antagonist, thereby providing insights into its pharmacological characteristics and inhibitory effects on α₁-adrenoceptors.
